Transformer.



No.' 834,160. PATENTED 0017.23, 1906. L.- c. NICHOLS. l'rImIsPoRMERl APPLIOATION FILED O0T.19, 1905.

Ima/wam Luz's @J1/thali- Ara-amm- UNITED. STATES PATENT' OFFICE.

LOUIS C. NICHOLS, OF NORWOO'D, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE BULLOCK ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING COMPANYA CORPORATION OF OHIO.

TRANSFORMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

v Patented Oct. 23', 1906.

T all whom, it 'may concern,.-

Be it known that I, Louis C. NICHOLS, a citizen of the United States, residing at. Norwood, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Transformers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification. f

My invention relates to transformers for 1o alternating currents; and one of the objects of my invention is to provide an improved Ventilating means whereby both the core and Ycoils will be eectively cooled. I

Another object is to so arrange the insulating-sheets and the Ventilating-openings between the core and coils that there will be littlefsurface leakage.

In carrying out the first part of my invention I so arrange the passage-ways in the core and between the coils that a forced circulation of air can be maintained through the passage-ways in the core and then v through the passage-ways between the coils the lower half of the core and downwardlyl through the lower portions of the coil passage-ways, whereby two independent circulations of air may be maintained through the core and coils.

My invention still further consists in the details, of construction and combinations of elements described in the specification and set forth in the appended claims.

For a better understanding of my invention reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in whichyFigure 1 is a vertical sectional view of my transformer. Fig. 2 is a section on a reduced scale'along the line 2 2 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a section on a reduced scale along the line 3 8 of Fig. 1. l

Referring to the figures of the drawings, indicatesa cast-metal base on which my transformer is supported. The core 11 of the transformer consists of grou s of laminae spaced apart, forming horizonta Ventilating passage-ways 12. The core is divided into two portions, which are spaced apart, forming the passage-way 13. The outer legs 11HL of the' core rest directly on the base and the inner adj acentlegs 11'b rest on the transverse support 15.

Supported on the base is the rectangular casing 16, which is somewhat larger than the core, and is spaced therefrom on all sides,

which communicates with the opening in the -base by a large number of air-inlet openings 18 ,distributed along all sides of the horizontal supporting-wall of the base. The usual end head or plate 19 rests on the top of the core and against the walls of the casing 16. A cap or head 2O rests on the top of the casing 16. This cap is provided with al number of air-outlet openings 21, the size of which may be regulated by the gate or slide 22.

The primary and seconcary Wint. ings are lmace of strap-.copper and are divi'eu in a number of sections spaced apart by strips of wood 23, forming the vertical air passageways 26. The colis, as is seen from the crawings, surrounrt the inner legs 11b of the core anc are supporteo on the transverse wooden block 24, which rests on the core.

The coils are surroun-:cd by a closely-litting insulating shell or casing 25, open at the to ane close.. at the bottom except fora plura ity of lateral air-outlet openings 26, which communicate with the outsime. The inner sides of the le rs 1 1a of the core are lined with sheets of insulating material 27, and the inner sides of legs 11 are lined with sheets 28. The inner siI es of the legs of the coils are also lined with sheets of insulating material 29. l It is seen that the legs of the coils are smaller than the openings in the core and that the coils are se arated from the inner -leaving the continuous passage-way 17. Y

IOO

legs 11b and outer egs 11a by e ual airsheets of insulation 27 and 28 lining the inner sides of the legs of the core are provided with long parallel .passage-ways or slots 27 a and This is clearly 2er, which, slots aline with l2 in the ci The insula surround the coils, are in a i provided with slots 29a, directly opposite the passage-ways ore and the slots 27a and 28a in the insulating-sheets 27 and 28.

in order to increase the leakage-surface between the coils and core, I provi `'e in the spaces between the core ani coils barriers 30 of insulating material hel l at equal distances from the core anl coils by wooden strips 31. The barriers are provi'e'l with ventilating-slots 30,.which are out of aline- Inent with or staggered with respect to the slots in the insultating-sheets on each side.

shown in the drawings.

In Fig. 2 the dotted rectangles in icate the slots in the separating sheets or barriers 30. It is well known that leakage will take place between two points or surfaces of different potentials much more easily along a surface even if the surface is of good insulating vina-- terial than directly through y an insulating medium, as ai-r. It is therefore necessary tc increase as much as possible the leakage-surface directly between the points of different potentials. By staggering the slots in the insulating-sheets it will be seen that the leakage-surface between the slots 27 a and 2Qa and 28a and 29a in the sheets lining the coils and cores will be greatly increased.

The directions of the air-,currents through the transformer are as follows: Air from any suitable fan or blower is forced under considerable pressure into the base 10 through the openings 18 into the passage-ways 17 and 13, from which passage-ways the air passes through all the horizontal spaces or passageways 12 between the group of laniinze of the core. From the passage-ways 12 the air passes by the irregular paths through the openings in the insulating-sheets into the vertici spaces between the coil-sections. The spacing-strips of wood 23 serve as barriers to divide the air-currents and direct the latter so that all the air which enters the spaces between the coils through the upper openings 12 in the core passes upward and out of the casing at the to ,while all the air which enters through the ljower openings 12 passes downward and escapes from the casin through the openings 26.

t will be seen that by providing two different paths for the air-currents through the spaces between the coils the latter will be 'maintained at a lower temperature than if the air after passing throu h the core was forced along the entire lengt of the coils.

I aim in my claims to cover all modications and changes which do not depart from the spirit of my invention.

l/Vhat 'I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

' 1. In 'a transformer, a core provided with Ventilating passage-ways, primary and secondary coils having Ventilating passageways,v 'the passage-ways in the core and coils heine' so connected and arranged that air can be forced through the passage-ways in the core and then through the passage-- ways between the coils in two different directions.

2. in a transformer, a core provided with passage-ways, primary and secondary coils having passage-ways, the passage-ways in the core and coils being so connected and arranged that a cooling medium can be forced first through the passage-ways in the core and then by divided paths through the passage-ways in two different portions of the coils 8. In a transformer, a core provided with Ventilating passage-ways, coils divided into sections separated from each other forming Ventilating passage-ways, the passage-ways being so connected and arranged that air can be forced through the passage-ways in one part of the core and through the passageways between the coils for part of their length, and throughI another part ot the passage-ways in the core and through the passageways between the coils for another part oi their length.

4. in a transformer, a core provided with passage-ways, primary and secondary coils provided with passage-ways, part ci the passage-ways7 in. thev core communicating with a part of all the passage-ways in the coils, and the other passage-ways in the core 1 communicating with another part oi all the passage-ways in the coils, whereby onefhal the core and parts of the coils, and the other part of the core and the other parts ci the coils can be cooled independently. 1

5. in a transformer, la core p 'ided witlL horizontal passage-ways, prima and secondary coils having vertical negati/sys, the horizontal passage-ways in the upper part of the core communicating with 'the passage-ways between the upper part of the coils and the passage-ways in the lower of the core communicating with the passageways between the lower parts the coiL 6. in a transformer, a core, primary and secondary coils thereon., insulating-spaees between the core and coils and; means for providing a leakagasuriace between core and. coilsl greater than the widths of the insulating-spaces- 7. in a transformer, a core, primary secondary coils thereon, said core having communicating venti\lating-openings, and an insulatingebarrier between the openings ior providing a large leakage-surface between the coils and core.

8. in a transformer, a core having v lating passage-ways, pifinary coils having Ventilating passage-w fs, coils being mounted on, but spaced om, the

legs ofthe core, a plurality of spaced insulating-sheets in the spaces between the core and coils, said sheets having openings or perforathe passage-ways in the coils, and barriers located in the passage-ways between the coils, the said passageeways in the upper part of the core communicating with the portions of the passage-ways above the last- I named barriers, and the passage-ways in the lower part of the core'omrnunicating with the portions of the passage-ways below said last-named barriers, whereby two circulam ad:

tions of air may be maintained through the core and coils independently of each other.

10. In a transformer for alternating currents, a core provided with Ventilating passage-ways, primary and secondary coils mounted on the core, said coilsl being spaced from each other and from the core forming Ventilating passage-ways at right angles to passage-ways in the core, and barriers located in the passage-.ways between the coils, the said passage-ways ingthe upper part of the corev communicating with the portions of the passage-ways above the barriers, and the passage-ways in the lower part of the core communicating with portions of the passageways below the barriers, whereby two circulations of air may be maintained through the core and coils independently of each other.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

LOUIS C. NICHOLS. 

